Examination of type specimens for Colliculoamphora reichardtiana (Grunow) Williams and Reid, with a description of a new species, Colliculoamphora johnwrightii nov. sp.

In the original description of the diatom genus Colliculoamphora, the type species of Colliculoamphora reichardtiana (Grunow) Williams and Reid (= Amphora reichardtiana Grunow) was mistakenly said to be from Honduras. Inspection of relevant specimens and manuscript material of Amphora reichardtiana in Grunow's collection (held in W) has permitted a re-evaluation of the species. Type material has been identified and, after examination, a new species, Colliculoamphora johnwrightii, is separated from Colliculoamphora reichardtiana.


Introduction
The genus Colliculoamphora Williams & Reid was originally described for two species, the living marine species, Amphora reichardtiana Grunow, and the extinct fossil species Eunotia reedii Schrader, the former designated as the type of the genus (Williams & Reid 2006). Subsequently a further nine species were added, eight by Williams & Reid (2009) and one by Lobban (2015).
In the original description of Colliculoamphora, it was noted that the type species of A. reichardtiana was 'originally described from "Sargassum von Honduras" (Grunow 1867: 25) . . . ' (Williams & Reid 2006: 148). This is not the case. Those locality details were derived from a mistaken assumption based on the title of Grunow's paper in which the species description appeared: 'Diatomeen auf Sargassum von Honduras, gesammelt von Lindig' (Grunow 1867). In Grunow's text for the original description of A. reichardtiana the Adriatic Ocean was indicated as the source of the specimens (' . . . neue Amphora-Arten des adriatischen Meeres . . . ', Grunow 1867: 25, reproduced here as Fig. 1). There was no figure with Grunow (1) A set of seven illustrations depicting six specimens in valve view and one, possibly, in girdle view (reproduced in Fig. 2). The four drawings illustrated in the upper part of the sheet are all based on specimens from Grunow sample W 869, identified as from Porto Zubzamki, Sušak Island, Gulf of Kvarner, [Jugoslavia] Croatia, leg. Reichardt (Fig. 2). Of the three remaining images in this set, the two micrographs are possibly from Lesina ( Fig. 2a) and possibly from Campeche Bay (although this text is difficult interpret, Fig. 2c), and the drawing between these two is from sample W 1556 (Campeche Bay, Mexico) (Fig. 2b).  Sample W 869 also happens to be the type of Schizostauron fimbriatum Grunow ( = Achnanthes fimbriata (Grunow) Ross), which was discussed in detail by Ross (1963: 68)). In Grunow's later article, translated into English (and with additional notes from Frederick Kitton), he did not write further about A. reichardtiana (Grunow 1877: 181) but did discuss other species from the Adriatic near Croatia ('Adriatic Sea near Lussin piccolo (leg. Dr. Reichardt)'), thus a note is required concerning the micrograph that may be from 'Lesina' (Fig. 2a). Lesina is another name for Hvar, a Croatian Island in the Adriatic Sea and could, therefore, be type material, but no specimens were ever published from this locality. In addition, Ross examined the type of Schizostauron reichardtiana Grun. and identified Grunow's W 864a as its type, from 'Mali Lošinj Island, Gulf of Kvarner [Croatia]' (Ross 1963: 71), 'formerly known as Lussin Piccolo' (Ross 1963: 67, Grunow 1877. It is unlikely that the name 'Lesina' on the micrograph in Fig. 2a  The unpublished Latin description (reproduced as part of Fig. 2) is as follows: 'Amphora parva eunotiaeformis, a latere pri -mario oblonga, ad polas truncato rotundata medio constricta valvis lineari oblongis, leviter arcuatis, dorso subconvexo, ventre concavo, polis rotundatis; linea longitudinali nodulis ventrali et nodulis terminalibus instructa omnino cum latere inferiori valvae coincidente, striis punctatis (33-39 in 0.001) radiantibus'.
Both make direct comparisons to the genus Eunotia Ehrenberg and describe the shape of the valves. Comparison of specimens from Sušak Island (Figs 8-14) with those from Campeche Bay (Figs 15-21), even with just the light microscope, indicates clear differences between the two and hence it would be more accurate to consider these specimens as belonging to two separate species (in Schmidt's Atlas the specimens in figs 33 and 35 demonstrate size variation, not structural variation, as can be seen from the actual specimens). As Grunow's protologue includes reference only to specimens from Sušak Island, it is only these that should be referred to as A. reichardtiana. As material from Campeche Bay is widely available and the description of A. reichardtiana given in Williams & Reid (2006) was based entirely on those specimens, that description and the accompanying published images should refer to a new species of Colliculoamphora; this is described below.
Description: Valves linear, asymmetrical about the apical plane (17-30 μm in length, 7-10 μm in breadth) with a pronounced curving of the poles towards the ventral margin; striae uniseriate, regularly spaced at valve margins and perimeter of valve face (10-15 in 10 μm, slightly denser towards the apices). Raphe slit visible at each pole and along the margin, deflected towards ventral side of valve, extending from valve face towards mantle edge, terminating at mantle with small central nodule.
Distribution: This species is known only from the type locality and possibly from Hvar, Croatia. Although the specimens illustrated and described as C. reichardtiana in Williams & Reid (2006: 153) are now not considered to be that species, the combination remains valid but the description is redundant as it refers to the new species described below.

Colliculoamphora johnwrightii sp. nov. (Figs 15-21)
Description: Valves linear, asymmetrical about the apical plane (20-52 μm in length, 10-13 μm in breadth), striae uniseriate, regularly spaced at valve margins and perimeter of valve face, becoming scattered and irregular towards valve centre (10-15 in 10 μm, slightly denser towards the apices). Raphe slit present at each pole, deflected towards ventral side of valve, extending from valve face towards mantle edge, terminating on mantle with small central nodule. Raphe with helictoglossa, rimportulae absent, sternum present, ill-defined in external view, internally more obvious, occurring centrally along mid-point of valve. Girdle bands narrow, with two rows of simple pores, regularly spaced (c. 30-34 per 10 μm), total probably three, all open, shallow and lack any notable structure.  Diatoms,no. 150, but in the raw material held at BM many specimens were found, including specimens with girdle bands (Williams & Reid 2006: Figs 17-29).
Etymology: Named after John Wright, primarily in honour of his popular book on taxonomy (Wright, J. 2015. The Naming of the Shrew, Bloomsbury) but also for enduring a whole day of talks on Willi Hennig and cladistics at the Linnean Society in 2013 (Williams 2013) and for another book of which I have made enormous use (Wright, J. 2013. Booze. River Cottage Handbook no. 12, Bloomsbury) 1 .
Distribution: As stated before, this species is tropical, subtropical, distributed around South and Central America but commonly in Mexico (Krayesky et al. 2009).