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    The type specimens and type localities of the orangutans, genus Pongo Lacépède, 1799 (Primates: Hominidae)

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    Authors
    Brandon-Jones, D
    Groves, CP
    Jenkins, PD
    Issue date
    2016-07-20
    Submitted date
    2016-09-09
    Subject Terms
    Blyth
    Brooke
    Edwards
    Lockyer
    Royal Society
    
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    Abstract
    Uncertain type localities undermine orangutan nomenclature. Bequeathed to the British Museum, the holotype of Pongo pygmaeus, according to Hans Sloane’s catalogue, came from Borneo and died in China. The historical evidence makes Banjarmasin its most probable type locality. William Montgomerie, Assistant Surgeon at Singapore from 1819-1827, and Senior Surgeon from 1832, supplied the holotype of Simia morio. In 1836 an adult female orangutan reached Singapore alive from Pontianak, Borneo. The holotypes of S. morio, S. hendrikzii, S. straussii and P[ithecus] owenii probably had the same origin, as pirate attacks endangered visits to other Bornean coasts. Absent from Brunei and north Sarawak, Malaysia, throughout the Holocene, orangutans occur there only as Pleistocene subfossils at Niah. Pan vetus (the Piltdown mandible) probably came from Paku, Sarawak. We identify Pongo borneo Lacépède, 1799 as an objective senior synonym of P. wurmbii Tiedemann, 1808, correcting its type locality from Sukadana to near Pontianak. This is the earliest name for the western subspecies (previously thought nominotypical) unless Pithecus curtus, probably from the Sadong River, Sarawak, represents a separate subspecies. If so, the name Pongo borneo would transfer to the southern population west of the Kahayan River, genetically distinguished at species level from the Sumatran orangutan, P. abelii.
    Citation
    Douglas Brandon-Jones, Colin P. Groves & Paulina D. Jenkins (2016) The type specimens and type localities of the orangutans, genus Pongo Lacépède, 1799 (Primates: Hominidae), Journal of Natural History, 50:33-34, 2051-2095, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1190414
    Publisher
    Taylor and Francis
    Journal
    Journal of Natural History
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10141/622676
    DOI
    10.1080/00222933.2016.1190414
    Type
    Journal Article
    Item Description
    This is an original manuscript / preprint of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Natural History on 20 July 2016, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00222933.2016.1190414
    ISSN
    0022-2933
    EISSN
    1464-5262
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1080/00222933.2016.1190414
    Scopus Count
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