Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species
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Issue date
2022-04-04Submitted date
2021-11-21Subject Terms
Brachycephaloidea; Craugastor bitonium sp. nov
Craugastor cueyatl sp. nov
Craugastor candelariensis sp. nov
Craugastor polaclavus sp. nov.
Craugastor portilloensis sp. nov.
Craugastor rubinus sp. nov.
Terraranae
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The Craugastor mexicanus series (Anura: Craugastoridae) includes six species of direct-developing frogs that occur in Mexico and Guatemala. Notably, two of these species have small adult body sizes (<18 mm snout to vent length) and several have intraspecific polymorphism in color pattern. Using a geographic sampling focused on eastern Mexico (the location of most type localities), we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial (12S, 16S) and two nuclear (RAG1, TYR) gene fragments. This analysis revealed two widespread species, C. mexicanus and C. pygmaeus, along with evidence of multiple undescribed taxa from the states of Oaxaca, Mexico, Guerrero, and Jalisco. Interestingly, the widespread species have stratified geographic distributions with the larger bodied clade restricted to high elevations and the smaller bodied clade to low elevations. We also identify regions of Guerrero and Oaxaca where multiple species co-occur. To reevaluate the quality of characters that have been previously used to diagnose species, we tested for heterochrony and sexual dimorphism using microcomputed tomography and linear measurements. We found evidence for paedomorphosis as the mechanism of miniaturization in small-bodied taxa. Linear measurements confirmed that tympanum and body size are sexually dimorphic traits in both small- and large-bodied species. We used this enhanced understanding of morphological variation in the group to describe six new species. Despite this progress, we suspect that additional species await discovery, particularly in western Mexico and east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec where our sampling efforts were limited.Citation
Tom J.M. Jameson, Jeffrey W. Streicher, Luigi Manuelli, Jason J. Head, Eric N. Smith "Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species," Herpetological Monographs, 36(1), 1-48, (4 April 2022)Publisher
Herpetologists LeagueJournal
Herpetological MonographsType
Journal ArticleItem Description
Copyright © 2021, The Authors. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. You are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.ISSN
0733-1347ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1655/0733-1347-36.1.1
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